HISTORY OF J&K STATE
Places and their Importance
Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered by India as a state from
1952, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger
Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between
India, Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century. The underlying
region of this state were parts of the former princely state of Jammu
and Kashmir, whose western districts, now known as Azad Kashmir,
and northern territories, now known as Gilgit-Baltistan, are
administered by Pakistan. The Aksai Chin region in the east,
bordering Tibet, has been under Chinese control since 1962.
After the Government of India repealed the special status accorded to
Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian constitution, the
Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation
Act, which seeks to dissolve the state and reorganise it into two union
territories
– Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The act will come into effect from
31 October 2019. Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in India with a
Muslim-majority population.
After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, the princely state of
Jammu and Kashmir was divided between India (who controlled the
regions of Jammu, Kashmir Valley and Ladakh) and Pakistan (who
controlled Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir). The Indianadministered
territories became the state of Jammu and Kashmir in
1952. In 1957, the new state approved its own constitution.
In 1956–57, China completed a military road through the disputed
Aksai Chin area of Kashmir. India’s belated discovery of this road
culminated in the Sino-Indian War of 1962; China has since
administered Aksai Chin. Following the IndoPakistani War of 1971,
India and Pakistan signed the Simla Agreement, recognizing a Line of
Control in Kashmir, and committing to a peaceful resolution of the
dispute through bilateral negotiations.
Kashmir insurgency
In the late 1980s, discontent over the highhanded policies of the
union government and allegations of the rigging of the 1987 Jammu
and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election triggered a violent
uprising and armed insurgency which was backed by Pakistan. Since
then, a prolonged, bloody conflict between separatists and the Indian
Army took place, both of whom have been accused of widespread
human rights abuses, including abductions, massacres, rapes and
armed robbery. India contended that the insurgency was largely
started by Afghan mujahadeen who entered the Kashmir valley
following the end of the Soviet– Afghan War.
Following the 2008 Kashmir unrest, secessionist movements in the
region were boosted. The 2016–17 Kashmir unrest resulted in the
death of over 90 civilians and the injury of over 15,000. Six
policemen, including a sub-inspector were killed in an ambush in
Anantnag in June 2017, by trespassing militants of the Pakistanbased
Lashkar-e-Toiba. An attack on an Indian police convoy in
Pulwama, in February 2019, resulted in the deaths of 40 police
officers. Responsibility for the attack was claimed by a Pakistanbacked
militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed.
Historical Places
1. Vaishnodevi :- Located in Trikuta hills, 13 km from Katra at the
height of 1560 m above sea level with bright clouds and thinning air,
this town is
60
the holy cave temple of Mata Vaishnodevi, with spirituality and
vibrancy lingering in the atmosphere.
2. Amarnath :- Amarnath is one of the most important pilgrimage in
India for the worshippers of Lord Shiva. The Amarnath cave is haven
to an enshrined image of ice called the Shivaling formed naturally,
which resembles Lord Shiva.
3. Lamayuru :- Lamayuru is a small village :- Lamayuru is a small
village D also known as the Srinagar- Leh Highway. It is situated 100
km ahead of Leh, after Fotu La- the highest pass on the Srinagar-Leh
Highway. Known as the ‘place of freedom’ and housing the oldest and
one of the largest monasteries in Ladakh region, Lamayuru is the
place to visit for all those seeking peace and tranquillity. Lamayuru is
immensely famous for a Tibetan Buddhist Monastery located nearby.
However, its claim to fame is accredited to the surreal breathtaking
view of moonlike landscapes carved into the mountains. A large lake
long ago dried up and the protrusions looked like the surface of the
moon. Tourists from various places visit this relatively serene
destination to immerse in this scenic beauty.
4) Shankracharaya Temple: Also known as Jyeshtwara Temple and
Takht-e-Sulemian, is situated on the Top of Gopadri Hills in the
Zawarban Mountain range
* Constructed by Raja Gopaditya
* Gulab Singh constructed the Stone stairs unto the temple
* Temple is dedicated to Hindu Diety Lord Shiva
5) Hazratbal Shrine: Located on the left bank of Dal lake and
considered to be Kashmir’s most holiest shrine
* It is well known for the relic Moi-eMuqqadus, the hair of Prophet
Mohammad.
* Relic was First brought to India by Syed Abdullah
* Syed hamid son of Syed Abdullah sold it to Kashmiri Businessman
Khawaja-Nur-ud-Din Eshai
* Till Date, male descentants of Khwaja-Noorud-din are the
caretakers of holy Relic.
6) Khanqah-e-Molla: It is a Muslim shrine located in the Old Srinagar
city on the banks of river Jhelum.
* Built by Sultan Sikander in the memory of Syed Ali Hamdani
* First Built in 1395 and later Re-built in 1732 AD
7) Khir- Bhawani Temple: It is famous Hindu temple dedicated to
Goddess Bhawani
* Located in the village of Tul Mul near Srinagar
* As a custom, Kheer (Rice Pudding) is offered to the Goddess that is
why it is called Kheer Bhawani.
8) Martand Sun Temple: It is heritage Hindu Temple dedicated to
Lord Sun located in Anantnag.
* Built by third ruler of Karkota Dynasty, Lalitaditya Muktapida in 8th
Century CE.
* The Archaeological Survey of India has declared the Martand Sun
Temple as a site of national importance in Jammu and Kashmir.
9) Jama Masjid: Jam Majid of Srinagar is one of the most sacred
places, situated at Nowhatta in the heart of old city
* Built by Sultan Sikander in 1394 AD
10) Avantipura: Avantipora has a number of ancient hindu temples,
built be king Awanti Varman. The place is known for the presence of 2
temples
* Avintishwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva
* Awantiswamin is dedicated to lord Vishnu
11) Raghunath Mandir: It is famous Hindu Temple, located in the
heart of Jammu city
* Construction was started by Raja Gulab Singh in 1835
* Completed by Raja Ranbir Singh in 1860.
* Temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu
12) Nanagl Sahib Gurudwara: It is one the oldest shrines of shikh
community, located in the Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir
13) Panchbkhtar Temple: Panchbhaktar means Five faces. It is one
of the oldest temples, located in Jammu city, dedicated to Lord Shiva.
It is also said that Lingam in the temple is selfmanifested.
14) Ranvireshwar Temple: It is also considered to be one of the
oldest temples, dedicated to Lord Shiva
* Constructed by Raja Ranbir Singh.
* The temple is famous for Long Shiv Lingams of crystals measuring
from 12" to 18".
15) Shahdra Sharief: It is shrine of Baba Ghulam shah, located in
the Rojouri District of J&K. It is popular tourist spot and sysmbol of
communal harmony as Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, visit this place to
have the blessings of Phir.
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Total number of districts in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) 22 (B) 24
(C) 28 (D) 32
Q2. Which one is recognised as the state flower of Jammu and
Kashmir
(A) Rose (B) Lily
(C) Lotus (D) Daisy
Q3. Which one is the largest district in Jammu and Kashmir by
areawise
(A) Leh (B) Kargil
(C) Doda (D) Baramula
Q4. Which one is the longest river in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Indus River (B) Jhelum River
(C) Chenab River (D) Doda River
Q5. The Wular Lake is located in which district
(A) Udhampur District
(B) Baramulla District
(C) Bandipora District
(D) Kupwara District
Q6. The Shalimar Bagh was built by
(A) Shah Jahan (B) Akbar
(C) Babur (D) Jahangir
Q7. In 1897, first railway line was built in Jammu and Kashmir to
connect Jammu with which city
(A) Sialkot (B) Udhampur
(C) Delhi (D) Rawalpindi
Q8. On which hill, the Vaishno Devi mandir is located
(A) Katra (B) Aru
(C) Trikuta (D) Sonamarg
Q9. Srinagar is located on the banks of the
(A) Chenab river
(C) Indus river (B) Jhelum river (D) Lidder river
Q10. Total number of national parks in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D) 7
Q11. The Hemis National Park is famous for
(A) Golden Eagle (B) Tiger
(C) Wolf (D) Snow Leopard
Q12. The Shalimar Bagh was built in the year
(A) 1606 (B) 1619
(C) 1627 (D) 1635
Q13. Which city has the most population in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Udhampur (B) Jammu
(C) Srinagar (D) Anantnag
Q14. The kargil war was fought in the year
(A) 1998 (B) 1999
(C) 2000 (D) 2001
Q15. Who was the last ruling Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Hari Singh
(C) Ranbir Singh
Q16. Who is the first Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Hari Singh (B) Syed Mir Qasim
(C) Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
(D) Sheikh Abdullah
Q17. Sheikh Abdullah died in the year
(A) 1978 (B) 1982
(C) 1985 (D) 1989
(B) Pratap Singh (D) Gulab Singh
Q18. Which article of the Indian constitution give special state status
to Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Article 120
(C) Article 260 (B) Article 180 (D) Article 370
Q19. From which year the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir
implement
(A) 1956 (B) 1962
(C) 1963 (D) 1965
Q20. Total number of Lok Sabha Constituency in Jammu and
Kashmir is
(A) 4 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 9
Q21. Which of the following lakes of India is located in Jammu and
Kashmir
(A) Phuljhar Lake
(C) Anchar Lake (B) Koleru Lake (D) Hamirsar Lake
Q22. Which town in Jammu and Kashmir is also known as Apple
Town
(A) Sopore (B) Anantnag
(C) Shupiyan (D) Jammu
Q23. Between which mountain ranges is Kashmir Valley located
(A) Himadri - Pir Pranjal
(B) Shivalik - Himachal
(C) Karakoram - Himachal
(D) Himadri – Himachal
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY
b,21-c,22-a,23-a
************
.
Places and their Importance
Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered by India as a state from
1952, constituting the southern and southeastern portion of the larger
Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between
India, Pakistan and China since the mid-20th century. The underlying
region of this state were parts of the former princely state of Jammu
and Kashmir, whose western districts, now known as Azad Kashmir,
and northern territories, now known as Gilgit-Baltistan, are
administered by Pakistan. The Aksai Chin region in the east,
bordering Tibet, has been under Chinese control since 1962.
After the Government of India repealed the special status accorded to
Jammu and Kashmir under Article 370 of the Indian constitution, the
Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation
Act, which seeks to dissolve the state and reorganise it into two union
territories
– Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The act will come into effect from
31 October 2019. Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in India with a
Muslim-majority population.
After the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948, the princely state of
Jammu and Kashmir was divided between India (who controlled the
regions of Jammu, Kashmir Valley and Ladakh) and Pakistan (who
controlled Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir). The Indianadministered
territories became the state of Jammu and Kashmir in
1952. In 1957, the new state approved its own constitution.
In 1956–57, China completed a military road through the disputed
Aksai Chin area of Kashmir. India’s belated discovery of this road
culminated in the Sino-Indian War of 1962; China has since
administered Aksai Chin. Following the IndoPakistani War of 1971,
India and Pakistan signed the Simla Agreement, recognizing a Line of
Control in Kashmir, and committing to a peaceful resolution of the
dispute through bilateral negotiations.
Kashmir insurgency
In the late 1980s, discontent over the highhanded policies of the
union government and allegations of the rigging of the 1987 Jammu
and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election triggered a violent
uprising and armed insurgency which was backed by Pakistan. Since
then, a prolonged, bloody conflict between separatists and the Indian
Army took place, both of whom have been accused of widespread
human rights abuses, including abductions, massacres, rapes and
armed robbery. India contended that the insurgency was largely
started by Afghan mujahadeen who entered the Kashmir valley
following the end of the Soviet– Afghan War.
Following the 2008 Kashmir unrest, secessionist movements in the
region were boosted. The 2016–17 Kashmir unrest resulted in the
death of over 90 civilians and the injury of over 15,000. Six
policemen, including a sub-inspector were killed in an ambush in
Anantnag in June 2017, by trespassing militants of the Pakistanbased
Lashkar-e-Toiba. An attack on an Indian police convoy in
Pulwama, in February 2019, resulted in the deaths of 40 police
officers. Responsibility for the attack was claimed by a Pakistanbacked
militant group Jaish-e-Mohammed.
Historical Places
1. Vaishnodevi :- Located in Trikuta hills, 13 km from Katra at the
height of 1560 m above sea level with bright clouds and thinning air,
this town is
60
the holy cave temple of Mata Vaishnodevi, with spirituality and
vibrancy lingering in the atmosphere.
2. Amarnath :- Amarnath is one of the most important pilgrimage in
India for the worshippers of Lord Shiva. The Amarnath cave is haven
to an enshrined image of ice called the Shivaling formed naturally,
which resembles Lord Shiva.
3. Lamayuru :- Lamayuru is a small village :- Lamayuru is a small
village D also known as the Srinagar- Leh Highway. It is situated 100
km ahead of Leh, after Fotu La- the highest pass on the Srinagar-Leh
Highway. Known as the ‘place of freedom’ and housing the oldest and
one of the largest monasteries in Ladakh region, Lamayuru is the
place to visit for all those seeking peace and tranquillity. Lamayuru is
immensely famous for a Tibetan Buddhist Monastery located nearby.
However, its claim to fame is accredited to the surreal breathtaking
view of moonlike landscapes carved into the mountains. A large lake
long ago dried up and the protrusions looked like the surface of the
moon. Tourists from various places visit this relatively serene
destination to immerse in this scenic beauty.
4) Shankracharaya Temple: Also known as Jyeshtwara Temple and
Takht-e-Sulemian, is situated on the Top of Gopadri Hills in the
Zawarban Mountain range
* Constructed by Raja Gopaditya
* Gulab Singh constructed the Stone stairs unto the temple
* Temple is dedicated to Hindu Diety Lord Shiva
5) Hazratbal Shrine: Located on the left bank of Dal lake and
considered to be Kashmir’s most holiest shrine
* It is well known for the relic Moi-eMuqqadus, the hair of Prophet
Mohammad.
* Relic was First brought to India by Syed Abdullah
* Syed hamid son of Syed Abdullah sold it to Kashmiri Businessman
Khawaja-Nur-ud-Din Eshai
* Till Date, male descentants of Khwaja-Noorud-din are the
caretakers of holy Relic.
6) Khanqah-e-Molla: It is a Muslim shrine located in the Old Srinagar
city on the banks of river Jhelum.
* Built by Sultan Sikander in the memory of Syed Ali Hamdani
* First Built in 1395 and later Re-built in 1732 AD
7) Khir- Bhawani Temple: It is famous Hindu temple dedicated to
Goddess Bhawani
* Located in the village of Tul Mul near Srinagar
* As a custom, Kheer (Rice Pudding) is offered to the Goddess that is
why it is called Kheer Bhawani.
8) Martand Sun Temple: It is heritage Hindu Temple dedicated to
Lord Sun located in Anantnag.
* Built by third ruler of Karkota Dynasty, Lalitaditya Muktapida in 8th
Century CE.
* The Archaeological Survey of India has declared the Martand Sun
Temple as a site of national importance in Jammu and Kashmir.
9) Jama Masjid: Jam Majid of Srinagar is one of the most sacred
places, situated at Nowhatta in the heart of old city
* Built by Sultan Sikander in 1394 AD
10) Avantipura: Avantipora has a number of ancient hindu temples,
built be king Awanti Varman. The place is known for the presence of 2
temples
* Avintishwar temple dedicated to Lord Shiva
* Awantiswamin is dedicated to lord Vishnu
11) Raghunath Mandir: It is famous Hindu Temple, located in the
heart of Jammu city
* Construction was started by Raja Gulab Singh in 1835
* Completed by Raja Ranbir Singh in 1860.
* Temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu
12) Nanagl Sahib Gurudwara: It is one the oldest shrines of shikh
community, located in the Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir
13) Panchbkhtar Temple: Panchbhaktar means Five faces. It is one
of the oldest temples, located in Jammu city, dedicated to Lord Shiva.
It is also said that Lingam in the temple is selfmanifested.
14) Ranvireshwar Temple: It is also considered to be one of the
oldest temples, dedicated to Lord Shiva
* Constructed by Raja Ranbir Singh.
* The temple is famous for Long Shiv Lingams of crystals measuring
from 12" to 18".
15) Shahdra Sharief: It is shrine of Baba Ghulam shah, located in
the Rojouri District of J&K. It is popular tourist spot and sysmbol of
communal harmony as Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs, visit this place to
have the blessings of Phir.
Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Total number of districts in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) 22 (B) 24
(C) 28 (D) 32
Q2. Which one is recognised as the state flower of Jammu and
Kashmir
(A) Rose (B) Lily
(C) Lotus (D) Daisy
Q3. Which one is the largest district in Jammu and Kashmir by
areawise
(A) Leh (B) Kargil
(C) Doda (D) Baramula
Q4. Which one is the longest river in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Indus River (B) Jhelum River
(C) Chenab River (D) Doda River
Q5. The Wular Lake is located in which district
(A) Udhampur District
(B) Baramulla District
(C) Bandipora District
(D) Kupwara District
Q6. The Shalimar Bagh was built by
(A) Shah Jahan (B) Akbar
(C) Babur (D) Jahangir
Q7. In 1897, first railway line was built in Jammu and Kashmir to
connect Jammu with which city
(A) Sialkot (B) Udhampur
(C) Delhi (D) Rawalpindi
Q8. On which hill, the Vaishno Devi mandir is located
(A) Katra (B) Aru
(C) Trikuta (D) Sonamarg
Q9. Srinagar is located on the banks of the
(A) Chenab river
(C) Indus river (B) Jhelum river (D) Lidder river
Q10. Total number of national parks in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D) 7
Q11. The Hemis National Park is famous for
(A) Golden Eagle (B) Tiger
(C) Wolf (D) Snow Leopard
Q12. The Shalimar Bagh was built in the year
(A) 1606 (B) 1619
(C) 1627 (D) 1635
Q13. Which city has the most population in Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Udhampur (B) Jammu
(C) Srinagar (D) Anantnag
Q14. The kargil war was fought in the year
(A) 1998 (B) 1999
(C) 2000 (D) 2001
Q15. Who was the last ruling Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Hari Singh
(C) Ranbir Singh
Q16. Who is the first Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Hari Singh (B) Syed Mir Qasim
(C) Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq
(D) Sheikh Abdullah
Q17. Sheikh Abdullah died in the year
(A) 1978 (B) 1982
(C) 1985 (D) 1989
(B) Pratap Singh (D) Gulab Singh
Q18. Which article of the Indian constitution give special state status
to Jammu and Kashmir
(A) Article 120
(C) Article 260 (B) Article 180 (D) Article 370
Q19. From which year the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir
implement
(A) 1956 (B) 1962
(C) 1963 (D) 1965
Q20. Total number of Lok Sabha Constituency in Jammu and
Kashmir is
(A) 4 (B) 6
(C) 8 (D) 9
Q21. Which of the following lakes of India is located in Jammu and
Kashmir
(A) Phuljhar Lake
(C) Anchar Lake (B) Koleru Lake (D) Hamirsar Lake
Q22. Which town in Jammu and Kashmir is also known as Apple
Town
(A) Sopore (B) Anantnag
(C) Shupiyan (D) Jammu
Q23. Between which mountain ranges is Kashmir Valley located
(A) Himadri - Pir Pranjal
(B) Shivalik - Himachal
(C) Karakoram - Himachal
(D) Himadri – Himachal
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY
ANSWER KEY
b,21-c,22-a,23-a
************
.
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